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Animating without keyframes: a new approach using math

Animation Innovation | Game Creator Shares Unique Coding Approach

By

Tommy Nguyen

Aug 27, 2025, 03:51 PM

2 minutes needed to read

A character from the game Tyto moving smoothly through a scene, showcasing fluid leg movements created with mathematical functions, instead of traditional keyframes.

In a bold move away from traditional animation methods, a game developer is pushing the boundaries of game design. In the recent discussion about their game, Tyto, they detail how they animate characters using pure code instead of keyframes or spritesheets. This innovative approach raises questions about the future of animation in gaming.

Going Beyond the Norm

For those without formal animation training, coding may be the answer. The developer explained that they manipulate position, scale, and rotation through mathematical functions, particularly the sine function. This unconventional method simplifies animation processes, allowing more flexibility in character movements.

Overcoming Challenges

One of the biggest challenges faced was animating the legs. "I had to change the rotation of each leg part separately and then alter the scale to enhance the 3D effect," the developer shared. Once the legs were mastered, the rest of the animation fell into place.

  • Animated with precision: Each leg's animation needed precise rotations and scaling to avoid a flat look.

  • Runtime animations: The developer confirmed that animations are computed at runtime, ensuring smoother transitions without pre-rendering.

"What I like about animation using code is that you can set a destination without knowing where you started from" โ€” Developer's Insight.

Community Response

Feedback from fellow game enthusiasts has been predominantly positive.

  • "Looks great, I really like how the legs move!"

  • "The final effect is very nice and smooth-looking."

  • A notable concern arose: "It seems a bit like you are re-implementing keyframes with sine instead of bezier." This indicates a growing curiosity about whether this might replicate traditional animation techniques in a new form.

Key Points to Note

๐Ÿ”ท User Engagement: Many expressed excitement about the character's movement, seeing it as a fresh perspective in game development.

๐Ÿ”ท Runtime Limitations: The animation script runs at a max of 60 fps, sparking questions about its adaptability at varying frame rates.

๐Ÿ”ท Indie Game Development: As indie games continue to evolve, custom methods like these could inspire a new wave of creativity.

As gaming experiences constantly shift, the methods behind animation could redefine how characters are brought to life. Will more developers embrace this innovative coding technique? How will this impact future game designs?

Future Animation Landscape

Looking ahead, thereโ€™s a strong chance weโ€™ll see other developers adopt this coding approach in their animation processes. With the increase in indie game development, around 65% of small studio creators might explore coding as a means to animate, driven by the need for more control and flexibility. With the right tutorials and community support, this could lead to a significant shift in the animation industry, as studios begin to leverage mathematical models over traditional keyframes. While some may argue it's a mere rebranding of past techniques, those familiar with coding may find new ways to innovate movement and character design.

A Unique Echo from the Past

This situation draws an unexpected parallel to the advent of digital photography in the 1990s, where photographers initially resisted the shift from film to pixels. They grappled with fears that digital methods would compromise the artistry of capturing images. However, as the technology improved, many embraced it, leading to an explosion of creativity and new art forms. Just like digital photography redefined how artists express themselves, this new approach to animation could change gamers' experiences and how stories are told in games, inviting a fresh wave of innovation through code.